Paxil Lawsuit News
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Paxil Lawsuit: Unfortunately, not all birth defects can be corrected. Some are fa-tal. Indeed, 20 percent of all infant deaths in the United States are linked to certain birth defects. Other birth defects cause long¬term disabilities that affect an individual throughout his or her lifetime. Fifteen-year-old Jimmy, for example, was born with spina bifida, a crippling birth defect. As a consequence, Jimmy’s life is much different than if he had been bom healthy. Jimmy has had to undergo at least fifteen different surgeries, and he is con¬fined to a wheelchair.
The family members of individuals with birth de¬fects face challenges as well. Many people with birth defects must be cared for all their lives. Of¬ten it is their parents and siblings who must as¬sume this responsibility. This can be both an emotional and financial burden for families and society. Indeed, a 2003 study conducted by re¬searchers at Research Triangle International in North Carolina and the Centers for Disease Con¬trol estimates the financial cost of four different birth defects: mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, and vision impairment. Including the medical costs, cost of special equipment and special education, and loss of workplace produc¬tivity, the estimated average lifetime cost per per¬son ranges from $417,000 for individuals with hearing loss to more than $1 million for individu¬als with mental retardation.
Making matters worse, many parents of children with birth de¬fects feel guilty. They wonder if something they did caused their child’s problem. The mother of a child with Down syndrome, a birth defect that causes mental disabilities, recalls: “I gave birth to my daughter Katie, who was immediately diagnosed with Down syndrome. I was devastated and in shock. I was a young, healthy woman and tried to think back what I had done wrong during my pregnancy that could have caused this.”
Many birth defects can be prevented when women know what behaviors to avoid. That is why it is so important that peo¬ple learn all they can about birth defects. By knowing what causes birth defects, individuals can make decisions that will help protect their baby and prevent many birth defects. Missy, an expectant mother, explains: “I am going to have my first baby and I don’t know if I have made the right decisions during the first three months. It is important to educate mothers before they get pregnant.”
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Paxil Lawsuit: All birth defects have a physical effect on a person, which varies significantly depending on the specific birth defect. Structural birth defects affect the physical makeup of the body. When a baby has a structural birth defect, some part of the body is miss¬ing or malformed. The affected body part can be internal or ex¬ternal. Structural birth defects such as a missing or extra finger or toe can be relatively harmless, but the absence of kidneys or lack of development of parts of the brain can be fatal. Some structural birth defects, such as a clubfoot, affect an individual’s ability to walk. Cleft palates impair speech, while malformed or missing fingers or hands affect a person’s fine motor skills.
Birth defects have many different causes. Often the culprit is a faulty gene. Genes are the body’s instruction manual. They are contained in forty-six capsule like structures called chromosomes, which are found in every cell in the body. Chromosomes are organized into twenty-three pairs. Each pair of chromosomes contains 140,000 genes that give a person his or her unique characteristics and tell the body how to develop and function.
When a fetus is conceived, each parent passes on twenty-three chromosomes containing seventy thousand genes. The chromo¬somes pair up within the fertilized egg, which divides and redi¬vides, forming new cells. Each new cell contains two copies of the original seventy thousand genes. Each time a fetus is con¬ceived, each parent passes on one-half of each pair of genes, but in different combinations. The result is that every person, with the exception of identical twins, receives a different mix of genes. This is why siblings do not always look alike.
Occasionally a defective gene is passed on in the mix. The damaged gene gives developing cells faulty instructions. As a consequence, the organs and body parts formed with the affected cells develop abnormally. Sometimes they do not develop at all. Birth defects such as missing fingers, hearing loss, and visual problems are often caused in this manner. So too are malformed internal organs such as kidneys, lungs, brains, and hearts. In¬deed, heart defects are the most common birth defect. Eighty- seven babies are born with a heart defect every day, compared to twenty-seven a day born with cerebral palsy or sickle-cell ane¬mia. David was bom with a heart defect. A report on his birth reads: “David Rose, only minutes old was fighting for his life. His tiny heart wasn’t pumping enough oxygen-rich red blood.
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Paxil Lawsuit: When the sperm and egg first unite, cells start divid¬ing to form an embryo. In the first month of pregnancy the embryo grows to be about half an inch long. Brain cells begin to develop, as do arms and legs. The eyes also form, although scientists doubt the embryo can see. In the next two months internal organs begin to de¬velop, as do fingers and other body parts. The embryo reaches three to four inches in length, and is now known as a fetus. Brain cells continue to grow, and by the end of the third month the fetus’s heart is pumping blood. His or her sexual organs are also formed. At this time the fetus’s gender can be determined.
During the second three months of pregnancy the fe¬tus grows to about a foot in length and about one and one-half pounds in weight. By this time the fetus can open and close its eyes and move its fingers. The mother can feel the fetus moving inside her. By the sixth month, the fetus has hair. Despite all this growth, many of the fetus’s organs, such as the lungs and brain, are not yet fully developed.
In other cases the mother alone can transmit an inherited dis¬ease. The disease is likely to be linked to an X chromosome, which is transmitted by a mother to her fetus. A male has only one X chromosome, which he receives from his mother, and one Y chromosome, which he receives from his father. A female has two X chromosomes, one from each parent. If a male fetus does not have a normal X chromosome, the defective X chromosome directs his body to develop the inherited disease. For example, if a mother carries a faulty X chromosome that causes color blindness, a disorder in which certain colors cannot be distin¬guished, her daughters will not inherit the disease because each will have another X chromosome that is not linked to color blindness. Her sons will inherit it because each will have only the faulty X chromosome.
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Paxil Lawsuit: Other inherited disorders can be transmitted to male or female babies from either the mother or the father. This occurs when the problematic gene is a dominant gene. Some genes are dominant while others are recessive. When a dominant gene is present for a certain trait, whether or not it is a defective gene, the baby al¬ways inherits that trait. Recessive traits, on the other hand, are only inherited if no dominant genes are present. For example, genes for brown eyes are dominant.
Even when there are no genetic abnormalities, birth defects often develop when the fetus is exposed to potentially harmful sub¬stances. Any substance that enters a pregnant woman’s blood¬stream is transmitted to the developing fetus through the placenta. Consequently the fetus is exposed to everything that enters the mother’s blood, whether by mouth, air, or intravenously. So, if an expectant mother uses cocaine, for example, the fetus is exposed to the harmful effects of the drug.
Substances like alcohol, cigarettes, medications, illegal drugs, contaminated food, household chemicals, and infectious agents all can lead to birth defects. This is because fetal cells are unde¬veloped and fragile, so the fetus is more sensitive and vulnerable to the effects of these substances. Some substances do not harm the mother, but they damage the fetus. When the substance can hurt the mother, it has an even more pronounced effect on the fe¬tus. The damage can take place any time during pregnancy, but the fetus is most vulnerable in the first trimester, when brain cells are developing.
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